Cause & Effect of Sept. 11th Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Cause & Effect of Sept. 11th - Essay Example The social effect is captured by the way the catastrophe altered the American people’s perception, behavior and interaction towards Muslims living within and outside the country. The political effect is manifested by the labeling of certain states as the axis of evil and the American-led invasions of Iraq and Afghanistan. The economic effect can be seen from the increased use of resources to secure production, distribution, finance, and communication at the expense of national productivity. What caused the September 11 attacks? In retrospect the big question still is: what led to 9/11 in the first place? There is no clear answer to this question; however, numerous conjectures have been raised. Even the US government’s 9/11 commission failed to provide clarity on the real causes of September 11. The commission only gave an unqualified response on who was responsible for the heinous act. There is not a single event in modern times that has elicited as many explanations as this tragedy. According to Bergen (2006) the theories on the causes of the September 11 attacks could be categorized into three: (1) the outright absurd, which state that the attacks were orchestrated by the US government; (2) the believable but flawed that argue that the attacks were done as a response to foreign occupation in the Arab lands; and (3) the credible, which postulates that September 11 was simply a collateral damage resulting from a clash within Islam. The al Qaeda angle In its findings, the US 9/11 commission concluded that the al Qaeda was solely responsible for the terrorist attacks. Osama Bin Laden was at war unambiguously with the United States. Levingston (2010) argued that this was the case because Osama was irked by the multiple engagements of the US in the Arab lands and its unequivocal support for Israel. This theory fits the second categorization of Bergen (2006); the-believable-but-flawed argument. At this juncture, it is important to note that Osama ’s critique towards America had never been cultural. Osama was not fighting Western culture; his was a personal war against the US. Bergen (2006) stated that Bin Laden was astute enough to know that he could not wage an all-out battle against the world’s sole superpower. He therefore craftily embodied his vision inside al Qaeda and attracted similar disgruntled Islamists whom he managed to convince that America was the enemy. Osama saw terrorism as the only achievable mode of operation to wage war against the US. This argument is believable but flawed because it fails to provide sufficient reasons as to why an individual in the Middle East would be so obsessed with waging a war against the US. Western interference The second plausible root cause of al Qaeda’s attack was perpetual Western interference in the oil-rich Persian Gulf. This interference can be traced back to colonization of Arab states by France and Britain, the creation and unequivocal support for the Jewish state – Israel, and currently American hegemony that is exemplified by acts such as the Gulf War in 1990. Western interference is a broader cause than Osama’s war in that it does not merely point the finger at one Western state – America – but at the entire Western world. The heart of this argument on Western interference is that the West has slowly and steadily been eroding the Arab culture by permeating Western ideologies in the Persian

The Book Thief Essay Example for Free

The Book Thief Essay One of the main themes of the Book Thief is how the use of words, for good or for evil, can change everything. His choice to use Death as a narrator was a great idea, as Death watches, and can describe from many points of view what he sees, and his use of words is very powerful. Markus Zusak uses metaphors and some personification to paint a picture of Nazi Germany. With his powerful descriptions, the setting is easy to visualize. As an example, on p. 7, Death describes Himmel street as â€Å"buildings appear to be glued together, mostly small houses and apartment blocks that look nervous. There is murky snow spread out like carpet. There is concrete, empty hat-stand trees, and gray air†. With this description, the reader can infer that Himmel streets buildings are crowded in together, the trees are bare and leafless, and that the day is cold and gray. Using imagery, Markus Zusak has created a clear picture of Nazi Germany. Words can be used in good ways, to bring peace and happiness to peoples hearts, if they are spoken correctly. Markus Zusak conveys this idea throughout the book, with the little stories Max writes for Liesel, and the weather reports Liesel gives to Max every day. Markus Zusak even shows how books, or rather the words in them, can make a person feel happy or upset. On p. 134, Markus Zusak describes Liesels love for books with â€Å"There were all different styles and sizes of lettering on the spines of the black, the red, the gray, the every-colored books. It was one of the most beautiful things Liesel Meminger had ever seen. Markus Zusak also conveys how words can be used for good, when Liesel is describing the weather to Max. Her words cheer him up. On p. 249, Liesel says, â€Å"The sky is blue today, Max, and there is a big long cloud, and its stretched out, like a rope. At the end of it, the sun is like a yellow hole. † Weather reports such as these throughout the story often make Max happy, even in his situation. Markus Zusak also stresses the idea that words can be used for evil. In the book, Max writes a story, â€Å"the Word Shaker† beginning on p. 445. An excerpt from this story is, â€Å"Hed seen a mother walking with her child. At one point, she admonished the small boy, until finally, he began to cry. Within a few minutes, she spoke very softly to him, after which he was soothed and even smiled. The young man rushed to the woman and embraced her. Words! He grinned. † The Fuhrer has decided that he will rule the world, using the power of words to fulfill his evil desires. Through the use of metaphors, imagery, and symbolism, Markus Zusak shows the power of words, and how they affect individuals, and even the whole world.

George Boole: The Genius Essay -- essays research papers

George Boole: The Genius   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  George Boole was a British mathematician, and he is known as the inventor of Boolean Algebra. His theories combined the concepts of logic and mathematics, and hence he is known as the father of mathematical logic. This combination of mathematics and logic came to be known as Boolean algebra, and is the basis of digital electronic design, which is used in fields ranging from telephone switching to computer engineering. Because of the utilization of the concepts of Boolean algebra in electronics and computers, George Boole is regarded by many as the father of computing also.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  George was born on 2nd November, 1815 in Lincoln, England. His father, John Boole was a shoemaker, and his mother a housewife. John Boole proved to be a great influence in George’s life due to his keen interest in science and mathematics. He shared his passion with his son, and started teaching George at an early age. By the time he was seven, George was deeply in love with mathematics, and used to be lost in the world of mathematics. He acquired a reputation as a child genius, and one day, he was found spelling difficult words for people’s amusement after going missing from school.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  George was from a poor family, and his parents could not afford to pay fees for grammar school, so the child genius ended up going to a small school called Mr. Bainbridge’s Academy. He made fast progress in studies, and was soon assisting teachers in teaching and grading. His exploits weren’t limited to just math and science either; he loved to read and learn, and was very well read in a lot of subjects. His father John also introduced him to literature and Latin, but George soon learned all his father had to offer. After that, John found George a tutor – bookseller William Brooke. Mr. Brooke turned out to be a great asset for George; he gave George access to all the books in his store, and also taught him. Mr. Brooke and George ended up being lifelong friends. However, just knowing Latin was not enough for George. He added Greek to his repertoire, and this was completely self-taught. He also went on to study French, German, and Italian. In Ma y 1930, the local paper published George’s translation of Greek poet Meleager’s work, and this got George his reputation as a boy genius.   Ã‚  &n... .... His wife Mary’s approach to trying to cure him was also one of the primary reasons of his death. She believed in the theory that the cause would also be the cure, so instead of keeping him warm, she regularly drenched him with water in bed, leading to severe complications. Ironically, Mary said she did it because it seemed ‘logical’ to her!   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  George’s works considered purely mathematical until the year 1937. In 1937, Claude Shannon, a graduate student at MIT, discovered the connection between electronic circuits and Boolean algebra. This connection is essential to the operation of computers and modern electronics circuits. Computers and circuits utilize Boolean algebra for all their decision making calculations, and without it they would be quite useless.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  George Boole was well ahead of his time with his mathematical theories and the combination of mathematics and logic. His theories are in use today, a century after his time, and will be in use as the basis of one of the most important machines man has ever built. He was a true genius, and his work has gotten him the deserved title of the father of mathematical logic. George Boole: The Genius Essay -- essays research papers George Boole: The Genius   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  George Boole was a British mathematician, and he is known as the inventor of Boolean Algebra. His theories combined the concepts of logic and mathematics, and hence he is known as the father of mathematical logic. This combination of mathematics and logic came to be known as Boolean algebra, and is the basis of digital electronic design, which is used in fields ranging from telephone switching to computer engineering. Because of the utilization of the concepts of Boolean algebra in electronics and computers, George Boole is regarded by many as the father of computing also.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  George was born on 2nd November, 1815 in Lincoln, England. His father, John Boole was a shoemaker, and his mother a housewife. John Boole proved to be a great influence in George’s life due to his keen interest in science and mathematics. He shared his passion with his son, and started teaching George at an early age. By the time he was seven, George was deeply in love with mathematics, and used to be lost in the world of mathematics. He acquired a reputation as a child genius, and one day, he was found spelling difficult words for people’s amusement after going missing from school.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  George was from a poor family, and his parents could not afford to pay fees for grammar school, so the child genius ended up going to a small school called Mr. Bainbridge’s Academy. He made fast progress in studies, and was soon assisting teachers in teaching and grading. His exploits weren’t limited to just math and science either; he loved to read and learn, and was very well read in a lot of subjects. His father John also introduced him to literature and Latin, but George soon learned all his father had to offer. After that, John found George a tutor – bookseller William Brooke. Mr. Brooke turned out to be a great asset for George; he gave George access to all the books in his store, and also taught him. Mr. Brooke and George ended up being lifelong friends. However, just knowing Latin was not enough for George. He added Greek to his repertoire, and this was completely self-taught. He also went on to study French, German, and Italian. In Ma y 1930, the local paper published George’s translation of Greek poet Meleager’s work, and this got George his reputation as a boy genius.   Ã‚  &n... .... His wife Mary’s approach to trying to cure him was also one of the primary reasons of his death. She believed in the theory that the cause would also be the cure, so instead of keeping him warm, she regularly drenched him with water in bed, leading to severe complications. Ironically, Mary said she did it because it seemed ‘logical’ to her!   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  George’s works considered purely mathematical until the year 1937. In 1937, Claude Shannon, a graduate student at MIT, discovered the connection between electronic circuits and Boolean algebra. This connection is essential to the operation of computers and modern electronics circuits. Computers and circuits utilize Boolean algebra for all their decision making calculations, and without it they would be quite useless.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  George Boole was well ahead of his time with his mathematical theories and the combination of mathematics and logic. His theories are in use today, a century after his time, and will be in use as the basis of one of the most important machines man has ever built. He was a true genius, and his work has gotten him the deserved title of the father of mathematical logic.

Fielder Cooks Film I Know Why The Cage Bird Sings :: essays research papers

I Know Why the Cage Bird Sings, a 1979 movie directed by Fielder Cook, is a world-renowned autobiography of Maya Angelou’s youth during the Great Depression. This movie has been reworked from Maya Angelou’s best selling novel and the story takes place in a bigoted town in Stamps, Arkansas where Maya and her brother, Bailey, grow up with their grandmother and uncle. The Angelous were African Americans, they had to deal with racism from the infamous Ku Klux Klan and the other Caucasians in town. Despite disdain from the Caucasians, Maya also has familial problems. She travels back and forth between her mother’s and grandmother’s house not being able to situate herself in either’s home. However, Maya perseveres. She begins school and excels in academics. The turning point of the movie is when Maya is sexually assaulted, consequently, she withdraws into total silence. It is with the help of her kind teacher that Maya is mentally restored to herself: enthusiastic, joyful and bright. She makes an emotional valedictory speech at her graduation where she expressed her feelings and emotions towards her friends, fel low classmates, teachers and life at Stamps. Her eventful time from her youth to her graduation serve to teach a person to define themselves, not for others to define a person. I enjoyed watching I Know Why the Cage Bird Sings because we learn the pains and lessons that Maya Angelou endured while she grew up. The movie is separated into episodes, in which suspense is created and kept as each episode finishes with a climatic scene. For example, Angelou slowly builds tension around the graduation by relating to the children’s excitement and the parents’ pride.

Bakra Beverages Negotiation Case Essay

The negotiation was fast. BebsiCo gave me a price for a yearly contract of $4 M and I agreed. We agreed to negotiate again next year after seeing the percentage of the target market we have reached. The deal was fair, and created value for me (reputation and possibility to obtain financing). I also noticed them about the availability to distribute in the largest chain-restaurant in the country (low cost for us, high value for them). This was an example of a claiming value negotiation, where both parties tried to achieve an individual gain (the best price) and only the price being discussed. However, it has integrative issues as well, because it is important to build a long-term relationship to keep distributing in the future. My BATNA was bankruptcy, and my reservation point very low, so any deal for me would be good. It was important to try to get a lot of information from the other party before you negotiate the price, because you may find out something. The opening party discussing the price shows a lot. So I tried to give her all the information I had (about my experience, my contacts) and ask her about things such as â€Å"why don ´t you want to work with Kabir† or â€Å"why are you interested in working with us†. Based on our answers, it was clear that we both had the same interest: succeed together. I learned from this negotiation that in claiming value negotiation, there are ways to include creating value issues. We could have negotiated including â€Å"if you do this, then you get that†. I also learned that it is important to know the reference points before you negotiate to get a fair deal. Parties may have assymetric information, but sharing information helps achieving your interest.

How To Use the Spanish Verb Perder

How To Use the Spanish Verb Perder The fairly common Spanish verb perder most often means to lose, but it has related meanings that go beyond mere loss. It can, for example, refer to the loss of something one never had, or to refer to emotional states as well as objects. Perder comes the Latin verb perdÄ•re, which had a similar meaning. The only common related English word is perdition, a state of moral ruin. Here are some of the common meanings of perder with examples of their usage: Perder for Loss of Things The most common meaning of perder is to lose something. As in English, the item lost is the direct object of the verb. Perdià ³ las llaves de su coche.  (He lost his car keys.)Perdà ­ el perro de mi amiga que ella me dio para que lo cuide.  (I lost my friends dog that she gave to me to take care of.) ¡No pierda los calcetines!  (Dont lose your socks!)My amigo perdià ³ el coraje y se puso a llorar.  (My friend lost his courage and began to cry.) Perder Meaning To Get Lost The reflexive form, perderse, is used to indicate that something is lost without specifically saying who lost it. The reflexive is also used to indicate that a person is lost. And as shown in the final example below, the reflexive form frequently is used figuratively. Me perdà ­ cuando salà ­ del hotel para ir al teatro. (I got lost when I left the hotel to go to the theater.)Se perdieron los datos.  (The data got lost.  Ã‚  You could also translate less literally: The data disappeared.)Espero que no se pierda el hbito de escribir cartas a mano.  (I hope the habit of writing letters by hand doesnt get lost.)El equipo perdià ³ la concentracià ³n en los primeros 20 minutos del juego.  (The team lost its concentration in the first 20 minutes of the game.)Se me perdià ³ el celular otra vez.  (My cell phone got lost again.)Me perdà ­ en el hechizo de tus lindos ojos.  (I got lost in the charm of your beautiful eyes. This could also be translated reflexively: I lost myself in the charm of your beautiful eyes.) Perder Meaning To Lose Competition Perder is commonly used in sports and other kinds of competition to indicate that a game, election, or similar event was lost. Los Jazz perdieron ante los Hornets.  (The Jazz lost to the Hornets.)El equipo perdià ³ la final contra el equipo de la Ciudad de Downey. (The team lost the final to the Downey City team.)El candidato joven perdià ³ la eleccià ³n primaria.  (The young candidate lost the primary election.) Perder Meaning To Miss Perder can be the synonym of to miss when miss indicates a loss of some sort, such as obtaining transportation or meeting a goal. Perdà ­ el bus de las 3.30.  (I missed the 3:30 bus.)Pedro perdià ³ la posibilidad de ser campeà ³n del mundo.  (Pedro missed the chance of becoming world champion.)Perdimos el avià ³n de vuelta y nos quedamos casi sin dinero.  (We missed the return plane flight and were left with hardly any money.)Perdà ­ la oportunidad de ser rico.  (I missed the opportunity to be rich.) Perder To Refer To Loss or Misuse of Resources When resources of various kinds are lost, perder can carry a stronger meaning than to lose, such as to waste or to squander. Pierdo tiempo pensando en ti.  (I am wasting time thinking about you.)El coche perdà ­a agua del radiador.  (The car was leaking water from the radiator.)El paà ­s perdià ³ $540 millones en inversià ³n extranjera directa.  (The country squandered $540 million in direct foreign investment.) Perder To Refer to Ruin Figuratively, as with the English lost, perder can be used to indicate that something is ruined or deteriorated, especially in a moral sense. Lo echà ³ todo a perder, incluso su vida.  (She let it all go to ruin, including her life.)Cuando la vida de la familia se desintegra, la nacià ³n est perdida.  (When family life disintegrates, the nation is ruined.)La sociedad piensa que esta generacià ³n est perdida. (Society thinks that this generation is lost.) Conjugation of Perder Like many other common verbs, perder is conjugated irregularly, following the pattern of  entender. It is a stem-changing verb: the -e- of the stem becomes -ie- when stressed. The change affects only the present tenses (imperative and subjunctive) and the imperative mood. Present indicative (I lose, you lose, etc.): yo pierdo, tà º pierdes, usted/el/ella pierde, nosotros/nosotras perdemos, vosotros/vosotras perdà ©is, ustedes/ellos/ellas pierden. Present subjunctive (that I lose, that you lose, etc.): que yo pierda, que tà º pierdas, que usted/el/ella pierda, que nosotros/nosotras perdamos, que vosotros/vosotras perdà ©is, que ustedes/ellos/ellas pierdan. Affirmative imperative (You lose! Lets lose! etc.):  ¡Pierde tà º!  ¡Pierda usted!  ¡Perdamos nosotros/nosotras!  ¡Perded vosotros/vosotros!  ¡Pierdan ustedes! Negative imperative (Dont you lose! Lets not lose! etc.):  ¡No pierdas tà º!  ¡No pierda usted!  ¡Nos perdamos nosotros/nosotras!  ¡No perdis vosotros/vosotros!  ¡No pierdan ustedes! Key Takeaways The most common meaning of perder is to lose, and it can be applied to objects, people, and situations.The reflexive form perderse is used to indicate that something or someone is lost without indicating directly who is responsible for the loss.Perder can also mean to lose in the sense of losing an election, game, or other competition.

Profile of Manson Follower Leslie Van Houten

Profile of Manson Follower Leslie Van Houten At age 19, self-proclaimed Manson family member, Leslie Van Houten, took part in the 1969 brutal murders of Leon and Rosemary LaBianca. She was convicted of two counts of first-degree murder and one count of conspiracy to commit murder and sentenced to death. Because of an error in her first trial she was granted a second which deadlocked. After spending six months free on bond, she returned to the courtroom a third time and was convicted and sentenced to life. Leslie Van Houten - Before Manson Leslie was an attractive, popular teenager and sexually active by the age of 14. By age 15 she was pregnant and had an abortion, however, even with her sketchy behavior she was popular among her peers and was twice voted as homecoming queen at her high school. This acceptance did not seem to sway her bad choices. By the time she left high school she was involved in hallucinogenic drugs and was drifting toward a hippy type lifestyle. A Self-Proclaimed Nun After graduating from high school, Leslie moved in with her father and attended a business college. When she was not busy studying to become a legal secretary, she was busy being a nun in a yogic spiritual sect, The Self-Realization Fellowship. The community failed to keep her focus for long and at the age of 18 she decided to visit a friend living in San Francisco. Joining the Manson Family Van Houten liked the San Francisco streets where drugs flowed as free as the music and a free-love attitude was a popular life style. She met Bobby Beausoleil, his wife Gail and Catherine Share, and began traveling around California with them. In September 1968, they took her to meet Charlie Manson and the family at Spahns Movie Ranch, a 500-acre ranch, located in the Santa Susana Mountains. Three weeks later she moved to the ranch and became one of Mansons devout followers. Manson Gives Van Houten to Tex Watson: Later described by a psychiatrist as a spoiled little princess, Van Houten was accepted by the family members, but Manson seemed disinterested in her and her pretty face. He never gave her a special family name and immediately after her arrival he assigned her to be Tex Watsons girl. The lack of attention from Manson made Leslie try harder to get into his good graces. When the opportunity to prove her commitment to Manson arrived on August 10, 1969, she accepted. With her family idol, Patricia Krenwinkel, and boyfriend, Tex Watson, by her side, Van Houten entered the home of Leno and Rosemary LaBianco. She was aware that on the previous night family members had butchered Sharon Tate and four others. She listened the night before to the stories Krenwinkel told about the thrill she received as she stabbed the bound, pregnant Sharon Tate. Now it was Van Houtens chance to make Manson see her true commitment to him by performing equally horrific acts. The LaBianca Murders Inside the LaBianca home, Van Houten and Krenwinkel tied an electrical cord around the neck of 38-year-old Rosemary LaBianca. Rosemary, laying in the bedroom, could hear her husband, Leon, being murdered in the other room. When she began to panic, the two women put a pillow case over her head and Van Houten held her down as Tex and Krenwinkel took turns stabbing her. After the murder, Van Houten cleaned up traces of fingerprints, ate, changed clothes and hitched hiked to Spahns Ranch. Van Houten Implicates Charlie and the Family in Murder: The police raided Spahns Ranch on August 16, 1969, and Barker Ranch on October, 10 and Van Houten and many of the Manson family members were arrested. During interrogation, Van Houten told police about Susan Atkins and Patricia Krenwinkles involvement in the Tate murder. She also told authorities of Atkins involvement in the murder of music teacher, Gary Hinman, after a botched drug deal. Giggles and Chants Van Houten was eventually tried for her involvement in the murder of Rosemary LaBianco. She, Krenwinkel and Atkins made several attempts to disrupt court proceedings by chanting, yelling at the prosecutors and giggling during descriptive testimony about the Tate and LaBianco murders. Under Charlie Mansons directions, Van Houten repeatedly fired the public defenders who tried to separate her trial from those being tried for the Tate murders since she had not participated in the crimes. The Murder of Ronald Hughes: Toward the end of the trial, Van Houtens hippie lawyer Ronald Hughes, refused to allow Manson to manipulate his client by allowing her to implicate herself further in the murders to protect Manson. Soon after he made his objections known to the court, he vanished. Months later his body was found wedged between rocks in Ventura County. Later, some of the Manson Family admitted that family members were responsible for his murder, although no one has ever been arrested. Sentenced to Die The jury found Leslie Van Houten guilty of two counts of first-degree murder and one count of conspiracy to commit murder and she was sentenced to death. California outlawed the death penalty in 1972 and her sentence was commuted a life imprisonment. Van Houten was granted a second trial after it was determined that the judge in her previous case failed to call a mistrial after Hughes disappearance. The second trial began in January 1977 and ended in a deadlock nine months later and for six months Van Houten was out on bail. The Van Houten who appeared in the original murder trial and the one who appeared in the retrial was a different person. She had cut off all ties to Manson and publicly denounced him and his beliefs and accepted the reality of her crimes. Back to Jail for Good In March 1978 she returned to the courtroom for her third trial and this time she was found guilty and sentenced again to life imprisonment. Leslie Van Houtens Prison Days While in prison, Van Houten has been married and divorced, received a B.A. in English Literature, and is active in recovery groups in which she shared her experience, strength, and hope. She has been denied parole 14 times, but has said she will keep trying. As to her involvement in the horrific acts committed on that August evening in 1969 she chalks it up to LSD, mind control methods used by Charles Manson, and brain washing. Currently, she is at the California Institute for Women in Frontera, California. Source:Desert Shadows by Bob MurphyHelter Skelter by Vincent Bugliosi and Curt GentryThe Trial of Charles Manson by Bradley Steffens

Leukemia at the Age Over 50 essays

Leukemia at the Age Over 50 essays Each year, nearly 27,000 adults and more than 2,000 children in the United States learn that they have a disease called leukemia. Leukemia is a type of cancer. Cancer is a group of more than 100 diseases that have two important characteristics in common. One of those is that certain cells in the body become abnormal. The other characteristic is that the body keeps producing large numbers of these abnormal cells. Leukemia is cancer of the blood cells. To understand leukemia, it is helpful to know about normal blood cells and what happens to them when leukemia develops. The blood is made up of fluid called plasma and three types of cells. Each type has special functions. White blood cells - help the body fight infections and other diseases. Red blood cells - carry oxygen from the lungs to the body's tissues and take carbon dioxide from the tissues back to the lungs. The red blood cells give blood its color. Platelets - help form blood clots that control bleeding. Normally, blood cells are produced in an orderly, controlled way, as the body needs them. This process helps keep us healthy. When leukemia develops, the body produces large numbers of abnormal blood cells. In most types of leukemia, the abnormal cells are white blood cells. The leukemia cells usually look different from normal blood cells since they do not function properly. There are several types of leukemia. They are grouped in two ways. One way is by how quickly the disease develops and gets worse. The other way is by the type of blood cell that is affected. In acute leukemia, the abnormal blood cells are blasts and thus remain very immature and cannot carry out their normal functions. The number of blasts increases rapidly, and the disease gets worse quickly. In chronic leukemia, some blast cells are present, but in general, these cells are more mature and can carry out some of their normal functions. Also, the number of blasts increases less rapidly ...

Social Class College Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Social Class College - Essay Example In mapping the prospects of this nursing student, a future professional, one does see where the possibility strongly exists that economic and social opportunities will be readily available. Because of the socio-economic connections (because of social and market structures) these factors will have an effect on the future life chances of such a person (Savage, 74). Social class structures and demarcations have been somewhat eroded with the advent of generalised education, yet the distinctions still exist. As an educated person, one will have the ability and opportunity or chance (as propounded by Weber) to access not just different economic classes, but other groups and cliques whose defining characteristics depend on the very education that they have in common. Mike Savage has pointed out that persons (termed human capital) usually get paid an amount that reflects the amount of investment placed in the development of their skills (67). As a nurse, one will be a professional and will most likely get paid accordingly. In 1998, professionals earned an approximately 95% more wages than their clerical counterparts.

Human Rights Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Human Rights Law - Essay Example These are; civil and political rights; and economic, social and cultural rights. With regard to civil and political rights, every human being is protected from abuse of power by politicians who are known to pursue their own interests and thereby overlooking the common interests of the public. These rights include, right to life, right to vote and freedom of association1. Concerning the economic, social and cultural rights, every human being has a right to live a decent life. In addition to this, every person is entitled to the essential needs necessary for the sake of survival of every human being. These rights include, right to work as well as right to proper health. With reference to the discussion question given, this paper will discuss how the margin of appreciation operates with regards to human rights and whether the supervision provided by the court was adequate. This paper will also demonstrate detailed knowledge and understanding of the main concepts, principles and rules of human rights law. It will also analyze how human rights protect the rights of every single human being in the society regardless of their gender, ethnicity and status. The term ‘margin of appreciation’ is a concept that has been adopted by the European Court of Human Rights when it comes to considering whether a member state of the European Convention on Human Rights has infringe the convention in one way or the other. This margin of appreciation allows courts to take into consequence the idea that the Convention will be deduced differently in the different member states. This is the cases when it comes to article 9 of the European Convention on Human Rights which states that every person has a freedom of thought, conscience and religion. This includes the right to change religion alone or as a community and he/she can either do it privately or publicly. It also continues to say that the freedom to manifest one’s religion or beliefs shall be subject to such limi tations as are prescribed by the law in the interest of public safety. In the case of Open Door and Dublin Well Woman vs. Ireland (1992) 15 EHRR, the European Court of Human Rights upheld the Ireland Supreme Court’s injunction that restrained counseling agents from providing information facilities abroad to pregnant women because it violated Article 10 of the Convention for the protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms. The injunction specifically interfered with two non profit organizations, Open Door Counseling Ltd. and Dublin Well Woman Centre Ltd that provided pregnancy related information to pregnant women. None of the two organizations upheld or encouraged abortion in any way. In addition to that the court further upheld Ireland’s restriction that interfered with the freedom of the women to access information. The injunction had a unbalanced impact in that in prohibited counseling regardless of age, health or circumstances of the pregnant women, this wa s because Ireland has a legitimate interest in protecting the life of the unborn. It was also noted by the court, that terminating of these pregnancies at later stages without adequate counseling posed a health risk to these women. The margin of appreciation doctrine in the jurisprudence of articles 8 to 11 involves qualified rights which are not absolute and have associated limitations that are expressed within the right itself. The first paragraph of each article states the right, while the second allows the State to breach its negative

Abortion Final Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Abortion Final - Essay Example So questions arise like, is the mother who has aborted the child killer? Or, is the male partner of that woman equally responsible for this abortion/murder? Abortion is wrong at any stage, even at embryonic stage. If we will allow abortion for an earlier stage, then people will take advantage of this relaxation and will try to abort to baby even at a more mature stage which is called as fetus. So the main point of writing this paper is to argue that abortion should remain a crime except for a few genuine reasons. The term ‘abortion’ refers to those acts that are aimed at ending pregnancy. It also refers to forcing out the fetus or embryo form the womb of mother before it could be able to survive on its own: before complete child development that takes about 9 months in total after conception. If this happens accidentally, it is referred as ‘miscarriage’. In this paper we are going to present some common ethical dilemmas against abortion. Then later we will analyze those dilemmas. Giving birth to children is an important part of personal as well as social life. Nevertheless, there are people who decide to have an abortion due to various reasons (Graber, M. 1996). We are also going to discuss the methods that are generally used to abort a baby at different stages of the child development. We then have a look at historical and legislation frontiers. We will also discuss this issue in the light of normative ethics. The reason behind an abortion varies from society to society and culture to culture. Some societies hate girls and abort if the gender test shows that they are going to have a baby girl. On the other hand, many parents or partners change their minds to have a baby and abort the baby. In cases of rapes, rape victims are used to abort the baby because this act is wrong altogether. One child policy that prevails in China is also one of the reasons behind abortions. In some poor countries,

Economic environment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Economic environment - Essay Example This is the case in the United States where the levels of price and wages do not fluctuate beyond a certain measure (Friedman, 1968). The role of fiscal policy is to control the spending power and revenue collection of the government. For instance, during phases of high unemployment government can increase public spending or can reduce taxation. This will also help in increasing the declining demand of products as low taxes will increase the purchasing power of consumers (Eshag, 1983, p.41). II. Human development index (HDI) is an assessment of the average achievement of human development in a specific period like life expectation, education and per capita income. Australia ranks in the second position with a value of 0.933 while Qatar ranks in the thirty-first position with a value of 0.851 in the HDI table (Human Development Index [Table 1]). In 2013, the life expectancy of males in Australia was 80.3 years, in Bangladesh it was 69.9 years, and in Uganda it was 58.0 years (Human Development Index [Table 5]). Australia is a developed country and its life expectancy of males is much higher than Bangladesh or Uganda – both of which are developing economies. There are various factors that cause such differences in life expectancy and they are education, employment, government policies, lifestyle like excessive smoking or drinking can cause obesity leading to heart diseases, and so

W 9 First Impressions-Discussion- workpalce Essay

W 9 First Impressions-Discussion- workpalce - Essay Example At the end of the work day, I always double check my work and ensure that I did not leave anything pending for the next day. After all, allowing my work to pile up will affect my output and the positive impression that I strive to create in my workplace. 3. Every person you meet is a chance to make a connection. Networking is a very important part of business communication. Provide a 5-6 sentence expression of yourself that would give a great first impression. I have a sunny disposition that helps my co-workers ease into the start of the workday with a light aura. By simply smiling at them as they pass me in the hall, or by creating light small talk with the people in the next cubicle, the workload no longer seems that heavy or hectic to all of us. But that is not to say that I am not concentrated on my work from the minute I enter the office premises. I am actually concentrated on the workload I know I have to take off my desk by the end of the day. But I figure that letting the work get to me and starting the work day in a somber manner will not help get the task done faster. Rather, I look at the task set before me as a game and at the end of the day, after all the work is done, I have won the game and the prize is a quiet and relaxed night at

Economic environment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Economic environment - Essay Example This is the case in the United States where the levels of price and wages do not fluctuate beyond a certain measure (Friedman, 1968). The role of fiscal policy is to control the spending power and revenue collection of the government. For instance, during phases of high unemployment government can increase public spending or can reduce taxation. This will also help in increasing the declining demand of products as low taxes will increase the purchasing power of consumers (Eshag, 1983, p.41). II. Human development index (HDI) is an assessment of the average achievement of human development in a specific period like life expectation, education and per capita income. Australia ranks in the second position with a value of 0.933 while Qatar ranks in the thirty-first position with a value of 0.851 in the HDI table (Human Development Index [Table 1]). In 2013, the life expectancy of males in Australia was 80.3 years, in Bangladesh it was 69.9 years, and in Uganda it was 58.0 years (Human Development Index [Table 5]). Australia is a developed country and its life expectancy of males is much higher than Bangladesh or Uganda – both of which are developing economies. There are various factors that cause such differences in life expectancy and they are education, employment, government policies, lifestyle like excessive smoking or drinking can cause obesity leading to heart diseases, and so

P.R Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

P.R Strategy - Essay Example Thus it is necessary for us to interpret strategy and PR as efforts to promote the working of an organisation, which includes sacrificing the unnecessary and using to full-advantage, the available resources. The dichotomy of views occurs in the private and public sector organisations, where the goals of a company are defined separately in terms of sheer competitiveness of the former and ability to deliver in the latter; the choice of ideals again resting on the middle level managers. Both PR and Strategy again rest upon the choices made by men in aptly using the money, material in a mechanised environment. If one of these variables is disturbed it can weigh heavy on the organisation thus rendering it unserviceable and not effective to serve its cause. (Thomson) However, the difference between the two concepts being too small they can be discerned as operating at crosses purposes. Strategy is supposed to be the internalisation of market functions of competitiveness into the system to make it more effective with a lean environment and PR a home-grown idea to make it achieve its objectives efficiently through successful implementation of small aims unit wise. Only when the company fares well in a competitive environment that the strategy is said to be successfully implemented. It is ostensible affairs with all divisions and hierarchical order putting to use the best of their abilities to achieve the goals of have an organisation that have been described at the top and are percolated downwards. There is hardly a scope of ’ifs’ and ‘buts.’ However it shouldn’t be construed that strategy hardly takes care to ascertain its own capabilities, resources and manpower. Rather on the hand it may entail ‘sacrifice s’ for achievement of its higher objectives that may not be discernible at all levels of hierarchy. Since PR gets its feed from externalities and works in a bottom upwards mode it is not seen with

Heat and Dust Essay Example for Free

Heat and Dust Essay The era of the Victorian women spanned 64 years and concluded several changes in attitudes. The common thinking about women in the Victorian era was that a woman? s position was limited to domestic work and the care for her children. The stereotype of the distribution of roles was women staying by the hearth with their needles whilst men wielded their swords. Women had to bear a large family and to maintain a smooth family atmosphere whereby men did not need to bother himself about domestic matters. A gentlewoman ensured that the home was a place of comfort for her husband and family from the stresses of Industrial Britain. Victorian dresses show typical excessive style elements such as V-waists, layering of trims and bell sleeves. The Victorian head of household dressed his woman to show off family wealth. Additionally, there were great differences between members of society by the end of the Queen Victoria? s reign but the most instantly apparent difference was through the garments worn. Not only the dress code symbolized the status of a Victorian woman but also the circumstances she lived in. A wealthy wife was supposed to spend her time reading, sewing, receiving guests, going visiting, letter writing, seeing to the servants and dressing for the part as her husband’s social representative. In contrast, for the very poor of Britain society it was common to wear fifth hand clothes and to eat the pickings left over in a rich household. Whether married or single all Victorian women were expected to be weak and helpless so that they looked like â€Å"fragile delicate flowers incapable of making decisions†. Besides, if a woman took a lover it was not made public because if that became the case she would be cut by society. Instead, men could amble along to one of their gentlemen? s clubs and always find a â€Å"warm welcome†. Relationships in 1887 were quite artificial. A married woman could not own property and became a chattel of the man. A divorced woman had indeed no chance of acceptance in society again. At the end of Victorian times things changed and many women adopted the tailor made garment that showed their more serious concern to be recognized as thinking beings with much to offer society beyond being a social asset for a husband. New inventions such as sewing machine or railway and the capability to use those led to new thinking and women of all classes felt the dynamic atmosphere of change as much as men. Many women joined the Fabian Society, a group of non revolutionary thinking socialists and others sought reform for more practical dress, better education, the right to take up paid work and better employment prospects.

Distinction Between Realism and Naturalism

Distinction Between Realism and Naturalism 1. Is the distinction between realism and naturalism worth preserving in discussion of film and/or television drama? To argue that the distinction between naturalism and realism is worth preserving the intention in this case is to explore classic and contemporary texts and attempt to make clear that naturalism alone is insufficient when discussing key themes and elements. To first examine the work of la novelle vague at first glance this film and cultural movement does not seem to be in keeping with the theory and approaches to cinematic realism. Critics would perhaps argue that The French new wave is a stylistic movement born from a frustration to the mainstream â€Å"Hollywood† conventions or â€Å"cinema du papa†. Although on the surface this may indeed be true, but it can be argued, that many of the texts coming out of the French new wave movement were indeed the height of realism. To first examine jean luc Godards classic film a bout de suffle or â€Å"breathless† this to some epitomises the stylistic new wave movement that was happening in France, and soon after Britain. Layered with superfluous stylistic techniques and dislocated continuity, watching breathless is undeniably a challenge. But breathless certainly meets the criteria of being a film entrenched in social realism. Godard uses real interior and exterior locations here, naturalistic performances, improvised dialogue (although cinematographer raul cautard refutes this), natural lighting and action is not a constant motivator of the editing. Perhaps from a first viewing one would think that breathless is film with all the codes of naturalism at work. However, breathless deals with many societal and cultural issues which are generic conventions of a realist text Firstly breathless cinematic approach is certainly stylised but Godard fuses realistic camera techniques with stylistic flair, although the spectator is often jostled and at a loss at times with breathless as Godard subverts many traditional filmic conventions, but: â€Å"It is usually a â€Å"revolt† against previous conventions which characterises a break towards realism in the arts†. Raymond Williams. For example, Michel drives to Marseilles, the cinematography is a mix between the cars passenger seat as it jostles with the bumps of the road and right on top of the cars bonnet, bringing the spectator in the thick of the action, instead of at a distance from it, much like a naturalist approach. Michel sings and talks to himself in the car and shockingly looks directly into the camera and states â€Å"if you dont like the sea, if u dont like the mountains, if u dont like the big city, then get stuffed†. This acknowledgement by Michel is important as it alludes to him acting in a role, breaking the hermetic barrier between film and viewer, and reminds the viewer that this is actually a film, and this is one of many direct address shots within the film. This is a break of the â€Å"suspension of disbelief† and this is important because this is an act of defiance, normally associated with current affairs, fact based programming and Godard fuses this into a work of fiction . This fusion further makes claims of realism. Moreover, Godard here and elsewhere utilizes the theory of Bertolt Brecht, wherein this instant of direct address reminds the viewer that this is a â€Å"representation of reality† and not reality in itself, the viewer is not left passively complacent, but challenged to engage through the very nature if it being unfamiliar and startling. A further shock in this scene is Michels imitation of a pistol firing, and the noise is disturbingly loud compared to the soundtrack, and the spectator is given a visceral shock out of passivity. Although somewhat confusingly; on the whole the audience is never far from the characters, their world and their lives. to reinforce this claim Godard is a an exponent of continuous action and deep focus, for instance the scene in which Michel and Patricia walk along the champs Elsie Godard follows the couple in a continuous tracking shot, this level of deep focus and the way in which the audience stays with the couple allows the audience insight into the filmic world because of our proximity to the characters. Furthermore in a continuous sequence whereby Michel goes to retrieve a check from his friend tolmatchoff, they meet and are followed walking through the foyer, tolmatchoff is called out of the shot, leaving Michel on his own, yet still there is no cutaway until Michel leaves the agency and the police arrive, this may seem peculiar but it allows the audience choice on what or who to focus their attention on; either one of the men or the surroundings. This is in effect an unmedi ated, unbiased presentation, and a similar convention is again seen in Scorseses Goodfellas. A notorious scene within breathless is interesting in particular, as it continues for thirty minutes without a cutaway or change of scene, Patricia and Michel sit in Patricias bedroom, talking about very little, the dialogue provides no insight to further character development nor plot, but it could be deemed that this extraneous dialogue instead of being the usual enunciator of genre and / or narrative progress, that it is the enunciation of realism. By contrast within a naturalism text the cinematography would be dealt with subtly i.e, establishing and wide shot, eyeline matches, and sequences of shot / reverse shots, this is important as this is a classic continuity editing, with its purpose to be submissive to narrative action. To compare the grocery store scene in the very first episode of coronation street; to Michel meeting tolmatchoff in breathless. In each a character moves about the environment, in the first a cut is made when dialogue alludes to something important to plot, character or narration, in breathless, no cuts are made but fluid camera work keeps the spectator involved. In coronation street there is obvious care taken towards the mimicry of real life. â€Å"Kitchens sink† drama, and relatable content; on the surface should personify notions of naturalism. But the distinction between naturalism and realism in Coronation Street become too interweaved and blurred to maintain any distinction between the two. Cinematographically it is loaded with naturalist techniques, but thematically Coronation Street is infused with cultural and societal issues, the family, community, class frustrations and personal relationships. The transition of these would be none existent if naturalism is a sole a pproach. Both godard and the television soap: coronation street both employ realist conventions in different but interesting ways. Coronation Street is fuelled with notions of the â€Å"invisible observer†, this is indeed mediated but allows the communication of real themes: â€Å"The natural transference of attention of an imaginary observer.†.â€Å"an observer ideally mobile in space and time.†. p9 In stark contrast to the brechtian inspired Breathless, the invisible observer nevertheless a form that allows codes of realism to be transmitted. Instead of sneering at the passive spectator utilizes the concept to communicate themes entrenched in realism. In terms of cinematography breathless employs subversive techniques; from the very start of the film we begin in disequilibrium with the lack of a clear establishing shot, soon after the 180 rule is also broken, and throughout Godard uses constant close-ups, these halt narrative action. So these and other cinematographic techniques are not motivated by narration, but style. Godard on the whole is disinterested in the pursuit of the overall narrative, but the relationship between Michel and Patricia, this again is a defiance of classical forms of narration as traditionally cinematography are subservient to narrative. Editing is invisible and unobtrusive. But because the cinematography and editing are self conscious.. and editing which must by default further the layers of realism at work within breathless The characterisation at work within a bout de suffle is certainly not one dimensional, although both Michel could be defined as a sexist or misogynist but he is an outdated stereotype, although he succeeds with his active sexism, stealing from a woman he appears to know etc, he is inevitably punished by the end, although by far this is not activism in breathless, but it does blaze the trail for new thinking between the genders and more importantly these readings are available within the text which further solidify the need to maintain realism and Furthermore Patricias character could be deemed progressive in terms of realism rather than transgressive, she has a clear understanding of her own identity unlike the romanticism of Michel. she understands she must enrol in Sorbonne to study to maintain her life in France, and when she meets her business friend van doude, his lechery seems manipulated by her for her pursuit to further her journalism career, and critically she is indeed Michels demise in the end, this is one of the first representations of women that has not been submissive to patriarchy, Michel constantly lusts after Patricia but she constantly thwarts him but has no problem using her own sexuality to further her own cause, Patricia is in complete control of her fortune. Furthermore she does not take a supporting role like perhaps a young woman would in an Ealing Melodrama, nor does Michel conform to a traditional protagonist, for example his hero; bogart in Casablanca, appears in every single shot within the film, he drives the narrative, however, Michel appears in a small fraction, these further the pursuit of realism within breathless, cinematically and ideologically as godard again further subverts cinematic convention, with representation and sporadic use of his protagonist. Also the transgressive character types break the mould The causality seems bizarre in breathless, Michel is shown going about mundane tasks, irrelevant action is used by Godard instead of a classical mode of narration, i.e action motivates editing and narrative choices. Because Godard subverts this it again falls into a realism category, furthermore as Roland Barthes discusses: â€Å"The narrative process; providing neither narrative information nor character insight, it is, in effect, their function to signify â€Å"reality†, to furnish the â€Å"effect of the real†. Although fraught with ideologies, breathless is not an explicitly political text, the only political allusion is the presidential motorcade. For me this is realist convention not based in naturalism, it gives particularly Michel another dimension. It creates juxtaposition between the cultural youth enterprising psyche in France at the time, and disillusionment felt by many of the youth who didnt adapt to this dogma, but also conforms to the â€Å"new wave trope of the anti- hero. This leads to an issue of the individuals place within society, the audience learns very little about Michel and the information we do glean is questionable, he seems to have no real roots, but he and Patricia both seem socially alienated, and somewhat disenfranchised with society, others may read these characters as fairly simple, that they respond to and are influenced by just their surrounding etc, which would fit into a naturalist framework but i argue, they are both amoral but and disillusioned stemmin g from a larger societal problem: that of the cultural void left by world war two. Michel is metonymic for the French youth during the 1950s. For me this can only be qualified by Michels lust after Patricia, a young American woman, and the constant mimicry of his idol: Humphrey Bogart, also American. In other words, post WW2 France is a cultural vacuum and American consumerism / capitalism has replaced the â€Å"old† France. This reading into a bout de soufflà © is based on a realism school of thought, so the distinction between naturalism and realism is a pertinent one to maintain, otherwise the â€Å"real life† drama behind social realism texts cannot be found. In contrast to this, coronation street alludes to nothing global, political or religious, in this way it is the height of being secular, but because of this coronation street has â€Å"space† to concentrate on the universality of human emotion and dilemma. The lack of a traditional realism category in Coronation Street allows thematic space for â€Å"everyday† reality to be conveyed. To return to breathless and Michels emulation of Humphrey Bogart is evidence that godard is critically aware of Hollywood iconography and conventions, breathless is peppered with noir / gangster genre tropes, Michels trilby, and urban landscape, guns, the police investigation etc. Although this genre does not frame Godards text, however it is interweaved with the tradition of realism or rather the representation of the â€Å"real†, most importantly as Michel is punished and killed at the films climax. Furthermore, Godards use of the jump cut and other unsettling devices, these all disrupt the narrative and genre from doing their â€Å"conventional† roles. So the culmination of these must be that Godard is aware of these Hollywood tropes but either subverts them or denies them working at all for me this blazes a trail for social and socially extended realism to show through. But even this is morphed, as the spectator is not thrown into the film world much like the effect of Boyles Trainspotting, but rather the spectator oscillates between consuming narrative action and objectively engaging with it. It would be easy to mistake Coronation Street for sheer naturalism, or any television soap as a naturalist text, for many reasons. But as discussed below the surface there is a pool of depth that is in keeping with notions of realism. To contrast a assumed naturalist text in Coronation Street to a literal naturalist text in Shakespeares King Lear, the differences are stark, although a very old text, the contrast is still interesting, the subject matter is high class monarchy, the characters motivations are clear, money, power, love. And all characters are influenced by each other and their environment, there is little ambiguity nor psychological and philosophical depth. Contrasting Shakespeares classic work with Coronation Street where human emotion and interaction is explored this twinned with the ideological presentation of character in Breathless. It becomes clear that naturalism provides very little in terms of exposing any â€Å"truth† within an audio visual text. Continuing with naturalism, although with reference to theatre Jean Jullien (1854-1919) states: â€Å"A play is a slice of life put onstage with art.† This quote perhaps personifies Shakespeares work, in this case. It is a slice of life, a snapshot of the â€Å"real†, without the any of the characteristics of either being real i.e. Coronation Street; Or representing reality, I.e. Godards Breathless. To explore naturalism I wish to discuss the television drama: Coronation Street, specifically the very first episode as it is perhaps more suitable of the time period when considering Godards breathless, naturalism and its conventions are in stark contrast with regard to the issues previously discussed. Coronation Street is motivated by trying to recreate â€Å"real† life. Coronation street is not fraught with economic, political or ideological concepts, its main focus is on individual relationship and the interaction between them, and on there environment, and because of this there is a certain distance between viewer and there are obvious distinctions between these two texts on the exterior coronation street here makes use of indoor naturalist settings, furthermore the use of regionalised specifically northern characters, Coronation Street begins with an establishing shot of the street accompanied by extra digetic music, setting the particular setting and the regional place, i.e brass music, with its links to northern heritage. The audience enters a small shop, all camera movement and editing is submissive to dialogue and action, although most prominently shown within the dinner table scene with ken Barlow, rapid cuts are utilized to focus on whichever character speaks, this is classic continuity editing, this is an invisible unobtrusive technique and as the performances are naturalistic it forces the audience the focus of the â€Å"reality† at work. Although breathless deals with subversive character types, coronation street deals with existing stereotypes, for association in the audience, the working classes most prominently with â€Å"kitchen sink† subject matter. This is a form of socially extended realism. The material in Coronation Street is realistic: Poverty, economy and class are intimated within the drama but it always kept within the boundaries of how these issues effect the individual. For this reason it would be deemed Coronation Street is socially extended realism. For example Ken Barlows parents feel he is rejecting his roots, a class issue; dealt with within the confines of the dynamics of family relationships. So the primary focus of this television drama is the mimesis between screen and real life,

The Bolsheviks and the Tragedy of the October Revolution Essay

The Bolsheviks and the Tragedy of the October Revolution The majority of the people are with us. The majority of the working and oppressed people all over the world are with us. Ours is the cause of justice. Our victory is assured."1 "October was a classic coup d'à ©tat, the capture of governmental power by a small minority, carried out-without mass engagement."2 The October Revolution was perhaps the most momentous event of the twentieth century. It led to the creation of the Soviet Union, the first avowedly Communist nation in history, which was to become a global superpower, an inspiration to many, an object of the hatred of many more. Possibly more important was the role the memory of the October Revolution played in the mythology of the Soviet Union throughout its entire existence. Along with the doctrine of Marxism-Leninism and the Communist Party edifice, the legacy of October was one of the pillars upon which the Soviet Union supported itself and justified its form and existence.   " Whatever legitimacy the Soviet regime could once claim, in its own eyes and in that of the outside world," claims Martin Malia, "depended - on the socialist reality of October."3 In the Soviet Union, the October Revolution was officially viewed as the ultimate endorsement of the Communist Party and Marxism-Leninism by the people of Russia.   The toiling masses, achieving class-consciousness in the turmoil of the revolutionary cauldron, placed their vanguard at their head and entrusted it with control of the new Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.   They then defended it against the attacks of the counterrevolutionaries, and would continue to do so until the worldwide socialist revolution, the establishment of global communism, and th... ...dy, 507. 25.   Sukhanov, Russian Revolution, 550. 26.   Daniels, Conscience of the Revolution, 64. 27.   Ibid., 63. 28.   Robert Daniels, ed.   A Documentary History of Communism (New York: Random House, 1984), I, 102. 29.   Lenin qtd. in Daniels, Conscience of the Revolution, 65. 30. Ibid., 63. 31.   Figes, People's Tragedy, 506. 32.   Daniels, Conscience of the Revolution, 147. 33.   Figes, People's Tragedy, 464. 34.   Richard Stites, Revolutionary Dreams: Utopian Vision and Experimental Life in the Russian Revolution, (New York: Oxford University Press, 1989), 43. 35.   Sukhanov, Russian Revolution, 553 - 555. 36.   Figes, People's Tragedy, 519. 37.   Daniels, Conscience of the Revolution, 110. 38.   Ibid., 113. 39.   See Figes, People's Tragedy, 590 - 594. 40.   Daniels, Conscience of the Revolution, 119. 41.   Ibid., 121. 42.   Malia, Soviet Tragedy, 103 - 104.

Homeopathy :: essays research papers

Samuel Hahnemann, a brilliant German medical doctor and chemist, developed the science of homeopathy at the end of the 18th century. He was responding, in part, to his concern that more people were dying from medical treatments than from their diseases. Hahnemann believed that the purpose of medical therapy should be to restore health quickly, gently and permanently in the least harmful manner without toxic side-affects or the suppression of symptoms which would only return. His work and principles have been carried on and developed by many dedicated homeopaths right to the present day. Homeopathy now rests on the firm foundation of Hahnemann's work and some 200 years of well-documented, successful healing experience. Hahnemann's guiding principles still apply today in the practice of classical homeopathy, but his criteria are otherwise rarely met despite all the improvements and advances in so-called modern medicine.The True Classical Homeopathic Approach to CureFundamental to classical homeopathy is the view that we are each a synergistic whole, every part of our wholistic being effecting every other part. It is the combination of all symptoms and how they are experienced by the individual which should be addressed in attempting to cure that person and their disorders. When someone has a health problem, it is the whole person that has the problem. The problem does not exist in isolation from the person. They can't simply put the problem in a box and forget it. Therefore, when attempting to cure that person it is the whole person that should be considered, not simply what is thought to be a disordered part of the person. This is the wholistic approach of classical homeopathy. This is in contrast to the conventional approach to disease which often oversimplifies it as one isolated symptom or group of symptoms, as a problem affecting only one part or aspect of the body and person. The "sloppy approach" to homeopathy is guilty of the same practice. Classical Homeopathy, by contrast, prescribes remedies on a constitutional basis, treating the entire individual, their symptoms and modalities. To arrive at the correctly chosen remedy for a chronic disorder, the detailed case of all aspects of the individual must be taken. The true classical homeopath delves into the broad collection of symptoms and peculiarities of the individual, their entire mental, emotional and physical make-up. This requires an in-depth sense of the patient, a keen sensitivity to them which is able to grasp their gestalt, that totality of the person and the matching remedies which transcends the mere sum of their parts.

Applying for English literature Essay

I was in my junior school when I decided that gender would not be a bar against my pursuit of knowledge, acquisition of a college degree and a doctorate in my future life. I am in the threshold of that final objective and that is why I am applying for this program in Winthrop University. My training and experience at the English Department of Girls’ Arts College in Saudi Arabia have given me enough confidence and provided a foundation for higher studies in English literature. I wish to pursue my higher education in the field of English Literature in Winthrop University because the tantalizing taste of this in my under graduation has made me crave for more. A systematic . introduction to this field was provided in my undergraduate college course at Saudi Arabia, where I could get a bird’s eye view of the history of literature, the social history of England, different literary forms, origin of words of the language, and also the study of some works of Literature pertaining to different ages. The study of Literature , according to me ,is not only a veritable treat to the lover of fantasy, but is also a treatise in profound truths, dealing with people at large and will never cease to fascinate the reader on account of its infinite variety. A child is fascinated by fairy tales and loves to wander into an imaginary world of escapism that it understands likes whatever is relevant to its mind. On the other hand, the study of literature provides the same route of escapism to the adult, who on the one hand seeks solace in appreciation of nature, in an imaginary realm of total make-believe and on the other hand is also privy to the working of the human mind. My undergraduate program in Arts College Saudi Arabia has paved way for an appreciation of Literature but I desire to get into an in-depth study of the plays of Shakespeare, the nature poetry of the Romantic age and the dynamic fiction of Modern Age. There were periods of transition and literature has evolved from time to time, reflecting the changing moods of society and nature of men and women. As a person who has come from Saudi Arabia, I am an admirer of women go-getters and that is the reason for my fondness for Shakespeare’s Portia or Jane Austen’s heroines who combine an iron will and determination and courage in the gentle cloak of a woman. I wish to acquire a Masters’ in English Literature and thereafter do research and get a Doctorate in this subject. This study of literature is ideally suited to my temperament and all that it calls for is extensive reading and an instinctive appreciation of the beauty of the English language and the power of word play. This word play, sentence construction coupled with the versatility of theme and action has made me an avid reader of Shakespeare’s plays. While I have been able to recognize and admire the craftsmanship of great playwrights, poets and novelists I still feel inadequate because I am unable to fully comprehend the import of the messages. A higher education in Winthrop University would not only aid me in understanding the nuances of Literature but would provide me with lessons for life, because Literature is but a depiction of this changing world and is a looking glass through varying periods of evolution. I am a person who wants to be a trend setter and prove to the world that my under graduation in Saudi Arabia has instilled a love for the subject of English Literature and has motivated me enormously in seeking to specialize in this. I love this study of English Literature and have repeatedly read select plays of Shakespeare like’ The Merchant of Venice’’, â€Å"Macbeth†, â€Å"Romeo and Juliet†, and also the romantic novels of Jane Austen. While I am dumbstruck by the imagery and the beautiful analogies of Shakespeare’s tragedies, I am endlessly fascinated by the strength of character of his heroines. They are my role models and I am convinced that a detailed study, analysis and an advanced appreciation of Literature would add to my insights, render a greater understanding of human beings, and would enrich my life. As opposed to hard toiling in a physics or a chemistry laboratory, this world of literary escapism would not only suit my nature but would benefit me because it would provide me with the opportunity of enhancement of knowledge ,. n improvement of my language skills , and an enjoyable escape route from the mundane tasks of this world. ‘’Reading maketh an exact man’’ and I wish to hone my skills in discerning truth from fantasy and work on my powers of expression. Science is an objective study of different species and phenomenon, but literature is a portrayal of characters and delves deep into the human mind and describes in the course of a play or novel the workings of the human mind in its absolute magnitude. This is why we have a Macbeth, a Hamlet, a Portia, or a Jane and Emma and the innumerable characters of different playwrights and novelists. There is no end to originality and it is Literature alone that can give such a wide scope for subjective interpretations. There is nothing right or wrong but it is one’s own interpretation and expression of that perception that is valued by our evaluating professors. This is the primary reason for my love for the subject and I know that I am going to be evaluated for my reading and understanding of a particular piece of literature. Literature , while introducing the reader to different facets of human personality , provides a fringe benefit of excellent articulation of one’s thoughts because this is one subject where no student is condemned for giving a novel answer and the student is let loose in an imaginary world , that invites his unique appreciation of the subject. However, the complete understanding of great pieces of Literature can be acquired better through a systematic training, and guidance of eminent professors and experts in the field would go a long way in helping a person appreciate this better. This is another reason for my applying for this program. I love to read poetry and am transported to the world of Wordsworth and Keats but it would benefit me if I am systematically taught the technicalities of this literary form. The figures of speech and literary devices are highlighted by professors who help us appreciate not only the general idea but also the poet’s skill in the use of the language. Milton’s â€Å" Paradise Lost† would be different when read with the expert guidance of a professor. Personally, my great love for the subject has induced the motivation and determination to seek advanced programs in English Literature and I am confident that I will come out in flying colors. Masters’ in Winthrop University would prepare me for my Doctorate program in this field and I am certain to succeed in that ultimate aim . I can put in long hours of study and reading and have also been given the necessary basic training to do comparative studies between plays, novels, poems, characters, themes rendering of action and the evolution of plots. This systematic training has instilled within me an instinctive aptitude to study different aspects of a character in a piece of Literature and it has become such a habit with me that I look for analysis of a plot or character even while engaged in light reading[eg while reading a Mills and Boon Romance] or while watching a film. My short term career goal is to excel in my curriculum and get a creditable Masters’ and this would be the stepping stone to my Doctorate degree in Literature. Diligence, focused performance and determination to succeed are the only features of my character that I would fall back on for achieving this ideal of mine.

Learning Psychology Essay

Education and learning are one of the most important ingredients to becoming all that you can be. How open you are to learning will help determine your path in life. Education and learning are one of the most important ingredients to becoming all that you can be. How open you are to learning will help determine your path in life. Education does not just happen at school. It is not just about Math and other subjects. Your education and learning are happening all the time. They happen any time your mind is open to learning. Education is not just about learning facts, but more so about learning how to think. It is learning to make good choices. It is learning to act with purpose. Becoming educated is a lifelong process. It can be hard and frustrating at times, but it can also be incredibly exciting and enriching. Most importantly, learning and education can help you: Change the world Become a better person Reach your potential Eliminate your fears Make the most of mistakes Support your family Here are some inspiring quotations that capture the power of education and what it can do for you and the world: Motivation in Learning by Haibat Khan haibiniazi@gmail. com. â€Å"Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world. † – Nelson Mandela â€Å"When you know better you do better. † – Maya Angelou â€Å"Somewhere, something incredible is waiting to be known. † – Carl Sagan â€Å"Even the wisest mind has something yet to learn. † – George Santayana â€Å"Anyone who stops learning is old, whether at twenty or eighty. Anyone who keeps learning stays young. † – Henry Ford â€Å"The important thing is not to stop questioning. † – Albert Einstein â€Å"Learning is a treasure that will follow its owner everywhere. † – Chinese Proverb â€Å"None of us is as smart as all of us. † – Ken Blanchard â€Å"A house is not a home unless it contains food and fire for the mind as well as the body. † Benjamin Franklin â€Å"The mind is not a vessel to be filled, but a fire to be kindled. † – Plutarch â€Å"Educating the mind without educating the heart is no education at all. † Aristotle â€Å"You can tell whether a man is clever by his answers. You can tell whether a man is wise by his questions. † – Naguib Mahfouz â€Å"Education is not the filling of a pail, but the lighting of a fire. † – W. B. Yeats â€Å"If you can’t explain it simply, you don’t understand it well enough. † – Albert Einstein. â€Å"Nothing in life is to be feared. It is only to be understood. † – Marie Curie â€Å"A mistake is a crash-course in learning. † – Billy Anderson â€Å"We are not what we know but what we are willing to learn. † – Mary Catherine Bateson â€Å"He who opens a school door, closes a prison. † – Victor Hugo â€Å"Knowledge will bring you the opportunity to make a difference. † – Claire Fagan â€Å"Education is teaching our children to desire the right things. † – Plato â€Å"I believe that we learn by practice. Whether it means to learn to dance by practicing dancing or to learn to live by practicing living, the principles are the  same. Practice means to perform, over and over again in the face of all obstacles, some act of vision, of faith, of desire. Practice is a means of inviting the perfection desired. † – Martha Graham†Ã¢â‚¬Å"Education is the power to think clearly, the power to act well in the world’s work, and the power to appreciate life. † – Brigham Young â€Å"I received the fundamentals of my education in school, but that was not enough. My real education, the superstructure, the details, the true architecture, I got out of the public library. For an impoverished child whose family could not afford to buy  books, the library was the open door to wonder and achievement, and I can never be sufficiently grateful that I had the wit to charge through that door and make the most of it. †- Isaac Asimov â€Å"Painful as it may be, a significant emotional event can be the catalyst for choosing a direction that serves us – and those around us – more effectively. Look for the learning. † – Louisa May Alcott â€Å"Imagination is more important than knowledge. For knowledge is limited to all we now know and understand, while imagination embraces the entire world, and all there ever will be to know and understand. † – Albert Einstein Haibat Khan haibiniazi@gmail. com.

Effect of size and culture on Project Management method selection Essay

Effect of size and culture on Project Management method selection - Essay Example Any organization with personnel numbering 30 or more is seen as a large organization even if it is confined within only one office building (Terrien, 1963, p 3). ‘A learned, shared, compelling, interrelated set of symbols whose meanings provide a set of orientations for members of a society. These orientations, taken together, provide solutions to problems that all societies must solve of they are to remain viable.’ In every organisation, a different management style and culture exists. Culture is a way of life and it is defined as a collective phenomenon, as it is partly shared with people who live or lived within the same social environment, where it was learned. Culture critically affects not only the way an organization performs but also its willingness to adapt to change. Many organizations are held hostage by previous success which makes it management believe that what happened in the past will always work even in future. This brings about a conservative culture leading to stagnation due progressive inertia. Popularly referred to as the â€Å"comfort zone†, this kind of inertia leads to organizations becoming totally outpaced by their more dynamic competitors, or even growing completely obsolete (Mills, 1984, pp 11-12). In a research carried out for the American Navy, Terrien (1963) set out to prove that the size of a social group affects the ordering and relationships within that group. His research proved that efficiency levels in carrying out a given task by the group tended to go down with the increase in size of the group. The research sampled 32 units of the Crocker-Anglo National Bank. The findings were that the Bank had several positions which sounded like supervisory ones but were not. For example, there were company vice-presidents and their deputies who in actual sense supervised no one unless such duties were occasionally delegated to them (Terrien, 1963, p 5). This resulted in a

Short Story Theme Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Short Story Theme - Essay Example One day Mrs. Obrian heard a delicate thump at the kitchen entryway. When she opened the entryway, she saw Mr. Ramirez and two cops, one on each one side of him. Mrs. Obrian asked what had happened. To start with Mr. Ramirez was succeeding, and he did not appear to have words to clarify. Anyhow before long he said: "I have been here thirty months." Also, one of the policemen said that it was six months excessively long and that he just had an interim visa. At that point, Mr. Ramirez said: "So here I am, to let you know I must surrender my room." She inquired as to whether he was backtracking to Mexico. Also, he said that he was, once again to Lagos. Mrs. Obrian felt exceptionally sad for him. Mr. Ramirez had officially gathered his pack, and he gave the keys to Mrs. Obrian. He let her know that she had been a decent inhabitant, and he thanked her. Mrs. Obrian said that she was certain too bad. Moreover, after that Mr. Ramirez said that he would not like to about-face, because he prefe rred it there and needed to remain. He had worked there and earned a ton of cash, so he felt exceptionally miserable when he needed to backpedal to Mexico. Whats more, all of a sudden he expressed crying. His detaches were moving from under his eyelids. He connected his hands and took Mrs. Obrians hand intensely, shaking it, wringing it and expecting to remember. Moreover, afterward he said: "Mrs. Obrian, I see you never, I see you never!" The policemen grinned at this, yet Mr. Ramirez did not perceive it, and they quit grinning soon. Also, Mr. Ramirez proceeded with: "Farewell, Mrs. Obrian. You have respected me. Gracious, farewell, Mrs. Obrian. I see you never!" The title of this story and the conduct of the inhabitant, Mr. Ramirez, demonstrate that ungainly dialect or erroneous lingual authority can express significant contemplations. As Mr. Ramirez is leaving and saying farewell to his landowner, Mrs. Obrien,

Financial Markets and Institutions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Financial Markets and Institutions - Essay Example The interest can either be fixed or variable. Fixed-rate pays interest irrespective of the institution making enough money to pay, but variable rates can vary depending on the market conditions prevailing. The bonds which interest rate are expected to reduce can either be attractive or not depending on the view of the investor. A reducing rate bond will earn less hence unattractive, but on the other side it can be a tax haven vehicle as corporate bonds are subject to federal taxes in mark up. Low-rate bond will either be tax exempt or attract low taxes hence it can be attractive from this viewpoint. To a firm a reducing rate bond is attractive as it will cost less to issue and service the bond. Conversely, a firm expecting the rates to increase has to consider other cheaper sources of financing like bank loan if it has less interest rate than what they will pay on bonds (Zacks ETF Research,2012). 14. Bond Downgrade. . Explain how the downgrading of bonds for a particular corporation affects the prices of those bonds, the return to investors that currently hold these bonds, and the potential return to other investors who may invest in the bonds in the near future. Downgrading a bond would mean that the price of the bond will reduce significantly to market equilibrium set by sentiment about the company’s ability to service the bond. Downgrading arises from the ability of the company to service the bond which can be observed from the financial status of the company. If the company is facing financial difficulties, it might be able to pay the bonds when they mature or service current interest rates. Current investor will lose the value of their investment hence can offload the bond which can further reduce the price because of the low demand. When the price will have fallen to the least possible, it can be attractive to new investors who think that the price will rise in future. 15. Junk Bonds. Merrito Inc. is a

The Monk & The Riddle Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Monk & The Riddle - Essay Example My viewpoint contradicts Komisar’s concepts that attribute losses or failures to have close relations to entrepreneurship. It is surprising that Komisar relates failure as justified in entrepreneurship while associating factors such as interest as sole motivators of innovation. Komisar’s adventure with the Monk through their trip up hill and back without paying for the services contradicts entrepreneurial primary and core goals (Kosimar 5). Komisar’s actions involve shifting of entrepreneurship focus from harnessing the motivation to make profits. Instead, Komisar advocates pursuit for passion, gaining experience and satisfaction as vital entrepreneurial goals. I believe an individual’s success in relation to entrepreneurship involves gaining and earning profit from initial capital investments. Similarly, it is surprising that Komisar recommends his own experience involving loss value in as a means of success in entrepreneurship. Based on my viewpoint, Komisar’s perception is surprising in relation to other entrepreneurial contexts because it involves accepting losses and lack of vision in developing an enterprise can cause failure. Lenny is a visionary character and ready to make bold decisions. I perceive Lenny as possessing boldness because of his willingness to interact and share his problems. He identified that Randy could assist him. Based on my viewpoint, Lenny’s character can allow him to take risks and, therefore, is a great entrepreneur. Randy expressed willingness to listen to Lenny for several reasons. First, Randy is passionate to assist individuals who are confident to take the most for their entrepreneurial roles. I perceive Randy as a proud character who believed he understood other people better than they did (Komisar 23). Risk takers such as Lenny are always willing to bet everything for their urge to set up entrepreneurial enterprises. Second, Randy expressed concern about the plight of

Accounting Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Accounting Report - Essay Example diversity, because of the fact that it is one of the few sectors which have remained resilient during financial downturns and because it plays a vital role in the communities for the provision of employment opportunities and as a result acts as a driving force necessary for social cohesion. Three companies are selected for the analyses which are J D Sport Fashion Plc., Sports Direct International Plc. and Next Plc. These companies are selected because they are three renowned players in this specific segment. J D Sports Fashion Plc. is a leading retail company based in England in the segment of sport retail. Next Plc. is a British clothing, home products and footwear retail company. It is the largest retailer of clothes in the United Kingdom as measured by sales. The company has more than 700 stores across the UK and 200 across other geographical locations in Asia. The stocks of the company are listed in the London Stock Exchange. Sports Direct International Plc. is also a giant sports retail company in the United Kingdom. It is a multinational retailer with over 500 stores across the globe. All the three companies also have their respective electronic commerce stores. The general information of the three companies is summarized in Table 1. This research is aimed at answering the question as to what is the situation of the external and internal retail industry of the United Kingdom. The research question is to be answered by considering three main retail companies operating in the country which are J D Sport Fashion PLC, Sports Direct International PLC and Next Plc. The aim of the research is to provide an analysis of the retail industry through the consideration of the various influential factors that are affecting the industry. This is done by using different management and analysis tools like the Porters five forces model, PEST analysis, Critical Success Factor (CSF) evaluation and financial analysis including financial and non financial ration

Pancreatitis and Peptic Ulcer Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Pancreatitis and Peptic Ulcer - Essay Example Pancreatitis is caused by autoimmune problems, damage to the pancreas, blockage of the pancreatic ducts, hypertriglyceridemia, certain medications, complications of certain diseases and viral infections. The symptoms of pancreatitis include upper or middle abdominal pain, fever, vomiting, sweating, weight loss, jaundice and clay-colored stools. Pancreatitis complications include kidney failure, acute respiratory distress syndrome, pacreatitis cysts, heart failure and low blood pressure. Pancreatitis is treated through fasting, intravenous fluids, pain medication, removal of blockages and gallstones, draining of fluid in pancreas and diet regulation. (PubMed Health). A peptic ulcer is an open sore in the lining of the stomach (gastric ulcer), the duodenum (duodenal ulcer), or sometimes in the oesophagus (esophageal ulcer). When the mucuos membrane which protects the alimentary canal from digestive juices and acids is damaged, stomach acids penetrate the sensitive lining underneath, causing an ulcer. Peptic ulcer is caused by the bacterium, Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), which is transmitted through contaminated food and water, and spreads through contact witth the stool, vomit and saliva of infected persons. Petic ulcers are also caused by the long-term use of non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) and stomach tumors. The symptoms of peptic ulcers are abdominal pain, loss of weight and appetite, and vomiting. Complications include peritonitis, internal bleeding and blockage of the alimentary canal. Treatment of peptic ulcers consists of antibiotics to eradicate H. pylori and acid reducing medicines.

The weight of the nation Essay Example for Free

The weight of the nation Essay More than 40 million children under the age evolve were overweight In 2011. Obesity is preventable. Most of the food commercials make you want to eat. My reaction to this movie is that people started eating more food over the 30 years so they should start taking food seriously. What makes people obese is: an increased Intake of energy-dense foods that are high In fat; and Increase In physical inactivity due to the increasingly sedentary nature of many forms of work, changing modes of transportation, and increasing urbanization. Not only the food matters but your physical activities that you do every day. childhood obesity Is associated with a higher chance of obesity, premature death and disability In adulthood. But in addition to Increased future risks, obese children experience breathing difficulties, increased risk of fractures, hypertension, early markers of cardiovascular disease, insulin resistance and psychological effects. overweight and obesity, as well as their related noncommunicable diseases, are largely preventable. Supportive environments and communities are fundamental in shaping peoples choices, making the healthier choice of foods and regular physical activity the easiest choice (accessible, available and affordable), and therefore preventing obesity. At the individual level, people can: ;limit energy intake from total fats and sugars; ;increase consumption of fruit and vegetables, as well as legumes, whole grains and nuts; ;engage in regular physical activity (60 minutes a day for children and 150 minutes per week for adults). The weight of the nation essay By 611 The movie we watched is called The weight of the nation. I learned that: 200 million men and nearly 300 million women were obese. 5% of adults aged 20 and over were overweight in 2008, and 11% were obese. ;65% of the worlds

Climate Change Effects on Agriculture

Climate Change Effects on Agriculture Climate change is a change in average weather over certain periods of time. Issues about the climate change have been going on for quite some time now. The main issue is of course whether the Earth is experiencing climate change or not. The respond to this issue is surely positive although countless number of arguments is being highlighted regarding this issue. People usually confuse the climate change with the variations of weather that occurs constantly. This is wrong since the climate change is the change in average weather as being stated in the definition earlier. Climate change is also being observed for a certain period of time usually for a long time period ranges from decades to millions of years. Research that have been done and still going on about this issue offer a scientific assurance and great amount of data that supports the argument that the Earth is experiencing climate change. Various types of data like temperature variations, precipitation and wind patterns are us ed regarding this issue. These data record variations since they are affected by the dynamic processes on Earth such as instability of sunlight intensity and in recent times the human activities. Climate change effect all sort of people around the world and but the main group of people that will be affected the most is the poor population of the world. This is based on the facts that they rely mostly on their natural resource base for instance agriculture, fisheries and tourism activities. These types of industries are known as the climate sensitive industries which contribute to a vital number of national gross domestic products (GDP) (11). Agriculture share in total GDP at world stage is approximately 13% in developing countries and 2% in developed countries (5). Australia reliance on agricultural industry is quite significant although it is a developed country. The agriculture industry only contributes approximately 2% of the national GDP in Australia but around 66.7% of its products are being exported and this contributes approximately 18% of total Australian merchandise exports (8). Australian Governments Department of Climate Change reports that the interdependence between agriculture and economy was observed during the terrible droughts in 2002 to 2003 where the gross value of agricultural production decreased by 19% (approximately $32 billion) which accounts for the reduced of GDP by 1% (1). The relation between climate change and agriculture is a subjective matter and researches have been going on for quite some time now to find out what are the effects of climate change on agriculture and also the effects of agriculture on climate change. Most farmers are aware that they have to grow crops and rear animals depending on the local climate. This is important since the weather plays a very important role in determining the quantity and quality of the crops despite a lot of technological advances being introduced like genetically modified organisms, improved irrigation system and seed variation. This fact is being accentuated by Wall and Smit (2005) (4) who said that the main aspects in the success of agri-food sector are the weather and climate conditions. The climate impacts on agriculture are best being observed at local stage rather than at global stage because the impacts are more related to local climate. A detailed insight on the interrelation between climate change and Australian agriculture will be provided in this paper. This is due to the fact that agriculture plays an important role in Australian economy and is at risk caused by the adverse effects of climate change. The projected changes of climate, effects of climate change on the Australian agriculture, effects of Australian agriculture on climate change, ways to lessen the effects by means of mitigation and adaptation will be discussed in detail later in this paper. Australia is a big country and includes various types of climate. The temperature increase is difference from one region to another. In this case, the temperature average is taken into account where the estimated temperature increase is 1à ¢Ã‚ Ã‚ °C to 5à ¢Ã‚ Ã‚ °C in 2070 contrast to that in 1990 (CSIRO and Bureau of Meteorology (BoM), 2007, Table 1.0 in ABARE 200) (8). In general, the coastal areas of Australia will experience smaller number of temperature increase compared to the inland area of Australia. The changes in precipitation level are also being considered in order to observe the changes of climate. This type of change is less definite compared to the changes in temperature and the precipitation patterns are notably different at regional stage (IPCC 2007) (8). According to the modelling, the warming of Earth will anticipated to increase the precipitation level over Southern and Eastern Australia (7). According to CSIRO and BoM (2007), Australia will be expecting 20% more drought months by 2030, by taking the drought months in 1990 as a comparison (8). This number will be increased by 2070 with 40% more drought months are expected in Eastern Australia while 80% more drought months in South Western Australia (8). There will be also an increase in the number of flood occurrence and soils erosion as a results of the high number of precipitation level and longer drought throughout Australia (CSIRO and BoM 2007) (8). According to Garnaut Climate Change Review, the number of days with extreme fire weather will be increase approximately 5% to 25% in 2013 (6). Climate change can be both beneficial and detrimental to the agriculture industry. Which one plays the main role is still in question and arguments are still going on. The sure thing is that the climate change will certainly affect agriculture industry since this industry depends a lot on the climatic conditions. According to the Garnaut Climate Change Review, crop production is affected directly by the temperature changes, average rainfall rate changes, rainfall distribution over a year and rainfall variability (6). For example, temperature increase and rainfall decrease will results in the smaller amount of wheat yields and land values in all agricultural industries including crops, mixed and livestock by approximately 7% to 16% (10). Changes in the important climate variables in Australia are also results in the loss of agricultural production, decrease in crop yields, pasture growth and livestock production returns and increase in the cost of agricultural production (8). Climate change can also be beneficial to the agricultural industry as being said earlier. The beneficial effect includes the increase rate of photosynthesis that leads to higher crop production in certain plants due to the increasing number of carbon dioxide emissions (6). This is supported by John Houghton, the author of the book titled Global Warming by saying that the carbon dioxide fertilisation effect will leads to higher productivity, C3 plants in particular (9). On the other hand, this relation is complex and could possibly be compensate by the temperature increase and decrease in the water availability (1). Climate change effects on the agricultural are usually depends on the geographical aspect of an area and also the capability to adapt to them. According to a report, in mid to high latitude regions, moderate local temperature increase will results in small beneficial effects on crop yields, despite the fact that the same moderate local temperature increase will results in detrimental effects on yield crop (2). In a book titled Global Warming wrote by John Houghton, the writer states that with detailed knowledge of the conditions required by different species and the expertise in breeding techniques and genetic manipulation available today, there should be little difficulty in matching crops to new climatic conditions over large parts of the world (9). The statement is true but unfortunately it is only applicable to crops that take over a year or two to mature. Agriculture itself has its own effect on the climate change. The main reason is because the massive emissions of greenhouse gases which is one of the contributors to global climate change. According to Australian Governments Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry (DAFF), the Australian agricultural sector is the second highest source for greenhouse gases behind the electricity production, with approximately 18% of the overall national emissions produce by on farm activities (3). The highest amount of emissions (12% of the national greenhouse gas emissions) is methane (CH4), a main greenhouse gas produce by livestock, followed by nitrous oxide (NO2) produce by fertilized soils that contributes 3% of Australias greenhouse gas emissions, and the remaining amount is represented by carbon dioxide (CO2) (3). At world stage, Australias per capita emissions results from agriculture activities contributes to more than six times the world average, more than four times the average Or ganization for Economic CO-operation and Development (OECD) countries emissions and the third highest in OECD (6). It is proven that the Australian agricultural activities are very much vulnerable to the effects of climate change and also the effects of Australian agriculture on global climate change. There are many ways to deal with these two problems. The best ways to deal with this situation are to mitigate to lessen the effects and also to adapt to the foreseeable changes. The effects of agricultural activities on the climate change results in the establishment of international agreement, conventions and conferences as an effort to solve this problem. DAFF has prepared the Action Plan consists of a number of measures focussing on decreasing the CH4 and N2O emissions and discovering further prospect to encourage enhanced efficiency, understanding prospect to decrease the energy use in agriculture, promoting cost efficient alternatives to fossil fuels and developing biosequestration prospect in agriculture (6). Moreover, the emission trading scheme in Australian agriculture industry introduced by the government is also a way to decrease the adverse effects of climate change by making sure that farmers taking appropriate steps to reduce their carbon footprint and at the same increasing the net farm profits (8). Careful and principled approaches have to be taken to make sure that the design of the scheme does not create needless costs on the Australians (6 ). Another method is adaptation. The definition of adaptation is a structure modified to fit a changed environment. In this case, the modification that can be done to face inescapable climate risks. ABARE (2007) reports that the adaptation in agriculture could incorporate altering the species planted to those with more suitable thermal time and vernalisation requirements and with enhanced resistance to heat, frosts or drought; altering application times and quantity of fertiliser or irrigated water to sustain quality and growth; altering pasture rotations and grazing times; and supplying additional feeding to livestock (8). Another step is to increase the efficiency of water delivery which helps in reducing the declines in supply of water for irrigated agriculture due to the climate change (6). The climate change that strike the Earth which results in temperature and precipitation increase plus the greater rate of extreme weather events are understood to have significant effects both beneficial and detrimental on agricultural sector. On the contrary, agriculture industry also contributes to the climate change, mostly owing to the greenhouse gas emissions. Consequently, mitigation and adaptation approaches have to be taken in order to deal with this problem.